Bahamas Double Tax Treaties

Since the Bahamas do not levy direct taxes, there are no double tax treaties between the Bahamas and other countries.

Barbados Double-Tax Treaties

Barbados has a small number of double tax treaties, but the US and Canadian treaties in particular are extremely favourable for certain types of investor.

Botswana has double taxation agreements with Russia, India, Namibia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Mauritius and the Seychelles.

Brunei Double Taxation Agreements

Double taxation agreements exist with the United Kingdom (1950), Indonesia (2000), China (2004) and Singapore (2005). Tax credits are only available for resident companies.

Costa Rica Double Tax Treaties

Costa Rica is not a party to any double taxation treaties. However it has signed an exchange of information treaty with the United States with a view to promoting the necessary interchange of tax information and to ensure that the correct level of taxation is levied in both countries as well as to eradicate tax evasion.

Cyprus Double Tax Treaties

Cyprus has entered into 33 double-tax treaties (unusually for a low-tax jurisdiction). The general effect of these treaties is that Cyprus-registered offshore entities that have tax exemptions in Cyprus will have the same exemptions in the treaty countries (see Tax-Sparing Provisions below).

Dubai is a 'no tax' emirate. Accordingly double taxation treaties are aimed at making Dubai a more attractive territory in which to operate by reducing taxation levied in the foreign jurisdiction on profits remitted abroad by foreign corporations operating in Dubai.

Grenada has a double tax avoidance agreement with the UK dating from 1949, with an amending protocol dated 1968.

Ireland Double Tax Treaties

Ireland has comprehensive double taxation agreements in force with 44 countries. The agreements generally cover income tax, corporation tax and capital gains tax (direct taxes).

In pursuit of foreign investment, Malaysia has signed 62 double tax treaties, of which 50 are in force, mostly having low rates of withholding tax on outgoing payments. Details are given below for 34 of these treaties. A further 13 treaties are under negotiation.

Latvia Double Tax Treaties

Latvia has double tax treaties with 30 countries.

Liberia Double Tax Treaties

Liberia has income tax treaties (double taxation agreements) with Germany and Sweden. A treaty with Canada has been signed but is not in effect while a treaty to avoid double taxation on shipping and aircraft income is in force with New Zealand. In 1982 Liberia and the United States also signed a treaty exempting shipping and aircraft earnings from double taxation. This exemption applies to the operation of ships and aircraft registered in the signatory countries.

Liechtenstein The Austria Double Tax Treaty

The Liechtenstein Double Tax Treaty with Austria has been effective since 1970. The Treaty applies to resident individuals, companies transacting commercial business (ie not investment business), and holding companies, providing these can prove that at least 51% of their capital is held by Liechtenstein citizens.

Luxembourg Treaty Provisions

Luxembourg has signed Double Tax Treaties with 39 other countries, all of which follow the OECD Model Tax Convention, although the treaty with the US contains 'Savings' and 'Limitation of Benefits' clauses which can negate the purpose of the treaty in some circumstances.

Madeira Double Tax Treaties

As part of Portugal, Madeira has access to the substantial number of tax treaties entered into by the mother country. Generally speaking, the treaty benefits are available to all Madeiran companies. However, Madeiran companies in the International Business Centre licensed under the Free Trade Zone Legislation are able to remit interest, dividends and royalties to non-residents without the imposition of withholding tax, so that treaty benefits in that instance are not needed.

Malta has entered into 46 double-tax treaties (unusually for a low-tax jurisdiction), with another 15 pending. Generally speaking, the treaty benefits are available to all Maltese companies other than Offshore Companies (being phased out, in any case). All the treaties other than the Swiss and USA treaties, which are limited to air transport and shipping, follow the OECD Model Convention.

Marshall Islands Double Tax Treaties

The Government has not signed double taxation treaties with any countries. However, under the Compact of Free Association with the United States, United States citizens may be relieved of their liability to pay tax in the United States on income earned in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. To be eligible they must have resided in the Marshall Islands for at least 183 days of the taxation year.

Mauritius Double Tax Treaties

Mauritius has entered into a considerable number of double-tax treaties (unusually for a low-tax jurisdiction). Generally speaking, the treaty benefits are available to all Mauritian companies other than International Companies.

 Monaco Double Tax Treaties

Monaco has a taxation treaty only with France, and even this treaty, which forms part of the 1963 portmanteau agreement between France and Monaco, is not a double taxation treaty in the traditional sense. It provides for income tax to be levied against French nationals who have or will transfer their residence to Monaco , the imposition of business profits taxes on certain categories of companies and the exchange of information.

St. Kitts and Nevis Double Tax Treaties

The Federation of St Kitts and Nevis is party to double taxation treaties with Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (limited to social security benefits).

Seychelles Double Tax Treaties

The Seychelles has Double Tax Agreements in force with China, South Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, Oman, Malaysia, Namibia and Zimbabwe. Negotiations are said to have been concluded with Russia, Botswana, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Egypt.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Double Tax Treaties

St. Vincent and The Grenadines (SVG) does not participate in a network of Double Taxation Treaties and thus has no obligation to exchange tax information with any other government. SVG tax authorities habitually do not cooperate with other countries’ tax authorities.

Switzerland Double-Tax Treaties

Switzerland has Double Taxation Treaties with more than 50 other countries. The general effect of the treaties for non-residents from treaty countries is that they can obtain a partial or total refund of tax withheld by the Swiss paying agent. Although the full amount of withholding tax is deducted at source the difference can be re-claimed by the non resident from the Swiss tax authorities. Where there is no double taxation treaty in place withholding taxes deducted in the foreign jurisdiction on remittances paid to a Swiss entity give rise to a tax credit in Switzerland.